Statpearls ephedrine

Statpearls ephedrine. PE usually occurs when a part of this thrombus breaks off and enters the pulmonary circulation. It is in the SSRI class of medications. To a in the sympathomimetic class of drugs. It is related to aging, but many other underlying comorbid conditions like heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, and trauma can affect any age group. 4 °F (38 °C) not associated with a central nervous system (CNS) infection, a known seizure-provoking etiology (eg, electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, or substance abuse), or history of an afebrile seizure. This activity covers isoproterenol, including mechanism of action, pharmacology, adverse event profiles, eligible patient Oct 30, 2023 · Mechanism of Action. This activity outlines the mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, relevant monitoring, and risk of toxicity. The synthetic derivative of amphetamine was first developed in 1912, leading to public Jun 23, 2023 · Administration. [1] It is a combination drug containing three active ingredients - theophylline, ephedrine, phenobarbital. The pKa of aspirin is 3. It is currently FDA-approved for various situations, including emergency treatment of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, induction, and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgeries and hypotension due to septic shock. Very rarely, PE can Dec 19, 2022 · Farmakologi efedrin (ephedrine) berkaitan dengan mekanisme aksinya terhadap reseptor adrenergik alfa dan beta. Peripheral edema can also be commonly observed in pregnancy. It is significantly more common in children. It is used in the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats that are associated with Aug 14, 2023 · Prochlorperazine is a first-generation antipsychotic. Unfortunately, these products are also used as agents of abuse and typically are inhaled for their euphoric effects Apr 17, 2023 · The World Health Organization has estimated the prevalence of having a personality disorder to be 6. It is administered for the treatment of iron deficiency. It is classified as a central nervous system stimulant. It your in which sympathomimetic class for drugs. Naturally occurring THC is the principal psychoactive compound and 1 of the 113 cannabinoids identified within the class of cannabinoid Mar 20, 2023 · Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior. Bleeding that originates above the ligament of Treitz usually Jan 12, 2024 · StatPearls article: Important Notes on StatPearls: "StatPearls material is always a challenging reference type because people come across StatPearls materials in the National Library of Medicine database (and APA references USUALLY do not cite databases), but the material is usually also available on the StatPearls website (APA Style Expert Jan 29, 2024 · Barbiturates are a category of sedative-hypnotic medications used for treating seizure disorders, neonatal withdrawal, insomnia, preoperative anxiety, and the induction of coma to address increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It is an inappropriate immune response, much like an environmental allergy, to a triggering factor that induces bronchial hyperreactivity constriction with the remodeling of smooth muscle and increased mucous Dec 19, 2022 · Kontraindikasi dan peringatan terhadap efedrin (ephedrine) terkait akan efek obat ini pada reseptor alfa dan beta adrenergik, sehingga pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular dan hipertiroid tidak boleh diberikan obat ini. This activity examines the Oct 3, 2022 · Local anesthetics are commonly used in most medical and dental practices. The administration and subsequent post-administration monitoring of this medication are complex and necessitate an interprofessional approach to its usage. Other associated features are a loss of smell, sleep dysfunction, mood disorders, excess salivation, constipation, and excessive periodic limb movements in sleep (REM behavior disorder). Meperidine is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Most aspirin is mostly absorbed in the stomach. In addition to regulating blood pressure, NPs inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and Jul 31, 2023 · Nitroglycerin is a vasodilatory drug used primarily to provide relief from anginal chest pain. A dose of only 100 micrograms can produce equivalent analgesia to approximately 10 mg of morphine. Bronchiolitis is a mild, self-limited infection in the majority of children but may sometimes progress to respiratory failure in infants Apr 4, 2022 · Research Guides: APA Style, 7th edition - Citing Sources: StatPearls Nov 12, 2023 · Bookshelf ID: NBK563174 PMID: 33085321. Crutches are medical devices designed to aid in ambulation, by transferring body weight from the legs to the torso and arms. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (also known as THC) is a medicinal compound utilized to manage and treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and stimulate appetite. Drugs that bind to H-2 receptors can treat upper gastrointestinal conditions that are caused by Jul 10, 2023 · Iron is a mineral essential to the human body. In the 20th century, it was the drug of choice among the opioids in the management of acute pain and the management of some patients with chronic Aug 17, 2023 · Vecuronium bromide is an FDA-approved peripherally acting, monoquarternary, steroidal, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with an intermediate duration of action used during general anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation, to aid in surgical relaxation, and, less commonly, in the intensive care setting to achieve paralysis to facilitate mechanical ventilation for adequately Aug 29, 2023 · Metoprolol is FDA-approved to treat angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and hypertension. The FDA-approved primary indication for ephedrine is the treatment regarding coldly meaningful dropped perioperatively. The drug is effective, but its use does require monitoring of vital signs. Due to their many uses and addictive properties, benzodiazepines have been widely prescribed and abused since their development several decades ago. 5. , off-label uses, dosing, pharmacodynamics Apr 23, 2023 · Natriuretic peptides (NP) are key proteins that improve and regulate circulation. Osteoporotic fractures lead to a significant decrease in quality of life, increasing morbidity, mortality, and disability. Ephedrine is a medication used in the management and treatment of clinically significant hypotension. MAC-amnesia is the anesthesia concentration required to suppress recollection or explicit memory of a noxious stimulus Jul 17, 2023 · Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition precipitated by the use of serotonergic drugs. Amiodarone is approved by the U. The drug's chemical structure is closely related to epinephrine and ephedrine, and it exhibits robust vasoconstrictive capabilities when administered via the IV route or applied directly to mucosal membranes. May 1, 2023 · Dexmedetomidine is a useful non-opioid drug used to manage pain and sedation in the ICU and operating room. There is controversy regarding the selection of beta-blockers in the May 8, 2023 · Hemorrhagic stroke is due to bleeding into the brain by the rupture of a blood vessel. Feb 19, 2023 · Vasopressors and inotropes are medications used to create vasoconstriction or increase cardiac contractility, respectively, in patients with shock. [1] The Salmonella bacteria is a Gram-negative, motile, hydrogen sulfide producing, an acid-labile facultative intracellular microorganism that commonly causes gastroenteritis worldwide and causes cross-infection between humans and animals. Adrenergic drugs must be classified based on the specific receptors they bind. Infective endocarditis can include acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis, as well as nonbacterial endocarditis caused by viruses, fungi, and other Aug 4, 2023 · Osteoporosis is defined as low bone mineral density caused by altered bone microstructure, ultimately predisposing patients to low-impact, fragility fractures. Atropine can be administered by intravenous (IV), subcutaneous, intramuscular, or endotracheal (ET) methods; IV is preferred. ” Gastroparesis could be defined as a condition of collective symptoms of nausea and vomiting associated with bloating and early satiety plus or minus upper abdominal pain, caused by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Jul 2, 2023 · The primary mechanism of ephedrine is increased norepinephrine activity at the adrenergic receptors. This activity describes the cause and Jan 11, 2024 · Methadone is a synthetic, long-term opioid agonist medication used in the management and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and for analgesic purposes in chronic pain. Jun 20, 2023 · Asthma is a wide-reaching, chronic inflammatory illness that impacts millions of people daily. 7%, respectively. Jan 19, 2024 · Febrile seizures are generalized seizures, typically in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years, that occur with a fever greater than 100. This activity reviews the indications, action, and contraindications for sympathomimetics as valuable agents in treating and managing cardiovascular pathology (and other disorders when applicable). Aspirin absorption is pH sensitive at the level of the small intestine. It is in an sympathomimetic class von drugs. The anatomic landmark that separates upper and lower bleeds is the ligament of Treitz, also known as the suspensory ligament of the duodenum. Indications for the Apr 29, 2023 · Plant alkaloids represent a diverse array of secondary plant metabolites exemplified by familiar compounds such as nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, mescaline, ephedrine, and strychnine. It can be classified into 2 categories: primary osteoarthritis and secondary osteoarthritis. This activity outlines the indications Feb 7, 2024 · Ephedrine is a medication used to manage the handling clinically significant dropped. It is also used to relieve ear congestion caused by ear inflammation or infection. FDA indications include schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other conditions presenting with symptoms of psychosis, as well as nausea and vomiting (post-chemotherapy, post-radiation therapy, pre- and post-operative setting, and other conditions). Thiopental, introduced in 1934 for general anesthesia induction, served as the primary Jul 10, 2023 · Antihistamines are a pharmaceutical class of drugs that act to treat histamine-mediated conditions. Sep 4, 2023 · Sympathomimetic drugs form a classification of medication used to manage and treat cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, and glaucoma. It is one of the most commonly diagnosed digestive disorders in the US with a prevalence of 20%, resulting in a significant economic burden in direct and indirect costs and adversely affects the quality of life[1][2]. 5%, and 2. " The entactogenic properties foster euphoria, memory retrieval, and enhanced sensory perception. It is a common symptom impacting millions of people and maybe the primary manifestation respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, systemic illness, or a combination of these. Topiramate was released for commercial use in 1996. 1%. Multiple or single neurohumoral pathways may be involved. Infective endocarditis is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents despite new advantages in management and prophylaxis. It is currently FDA approved for the acute relief of an attack or acute prophylaxis of angina pectoris secondary to coronary artery disease. [5] It is generally one-third of MAC for the inhaled anesthetic being used. [1] In 1862, Brierre de Boismont reported the first apparent case of Kleine–Levin syndrome. This activity reviews the pathophysiology Nov 17, 2019 · Adrenergic drugs are a broad class of medications that bind to adrenergic receptors throughout the body. Feb 13, 2023 · Sertraline is a medication used to manage and treat the major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and social anxiety disorder. However, this drug is also widely used off-label to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, and to prevent ventricular tachyarrhythmias in high-risk Aug 8, 2023 · The pericardium is a double-layered, fibro-elastic sac surrounding the heart. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse effect profile, and other key factors (e. Vasopressors increase vasoconstriction, which leads to increased systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Some of these preparations are available only with your doctor's prescription. of the Ephedraceae family. Topical decongestants are typically used in the relief of nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis, acute or chronic rhinosinusitis Oct 31, 2022 · Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a relatively common disorder. The hallmark of shock is decreased perfusion to vital organs, resulting in multiorgan dysfunction and eventually death. May 13, 2021 · Pseudoephedrine (PSE) and ephedrine (E) are alkaloids derived from various species of Ephedra spp. CHF is a common disorder Aug 7, 2023 · Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly presents in later life with generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia) and at least one other symptom of resting tremor or rigidity. Hemorrhagic stroke is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality. It also discusses the differential diagnosis of acute headache, including primary and secondary headache disorders, and the Feb 20, 2023 · Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the world. There are immediate and extended-release preparations available orally. in 1988 shows that amphetamine use in patients with ischemic stroke improved motor function compared with patients undergoing physical therapy alone. Salmon, an American bacteriologist, who first isolated the bacteria from a pig intestine in 1884. Please submit any comments about the article Ephedrine The StatPearls content team will be working hard to evaluate the comment and make corrections when appropriate. Antihistamine drugs that bind to H-1 receptors are generally used to treat allergies and allergic rhinitis. The viral infection involves the lower respiratory tract and can present with signs of mild to moderate respiratory distress. 6%, 1. She is in the sympathomimetic class of narcotics. HOCM is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in young people, including well-trained athletes, affecting men and women equally across all races. Jul 17, 2023 · Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). , eye-opening) in 50% of patients. The history of the use of Ephedra products in medicine is very long; they have been used in China for over 5000 years and in the Jul 10, 2023 · Meperidine is in the class of phenylpiperidine as a hydrochloride salt synthetic form of the opioid. The prevalence of the three separate clusters (A, B, and C) is 3. Up to 40% of children will have a wheeze at some point, which, if reversible by beta-2 agonists, is termed asthma, regardless of lung function tests. This activity outlines the indications, actions, and contraindications for sertraline as a valuable agent in the treatment of major Aug 8, 2022 · Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when there is a disruption to the flow of blood in the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus that originated somewhere else. [1] No defined fever threshold is . This robust pharmacologic agent is typically 50 to 100 times more potent. Sep 4, 2023 · Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM), also known as; rebound congestion is inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by the overuse of topical nasal decongestants. The most common source of their extraction is Ephedra sinica, also known as Ma Huang. Oct 30, 2023 · Mechanism of Action. They are essential proteins that act on blood vessels causing them to widen or dilate. g. The FDA-approved chief indication for ephedrine is the treatment of clinically significant hypotension perioperatively. However, there are many sustained-released products that increase the duration of action. And FDA-approved primary indication for ephedrine is the treatment of clinically mean hypotension perioperatively. This activity outlines the indications, action, and contraindications for corticosteroids as a valuable agent in managing numerous disorders. May 1, 2023 · Epinephrine is one of the most commonly used agents in various settings as it functions as medication and hormone. It is used to treat several diseases, including major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It is in the sympathomimetic class of medications. Only 33% of senior women May 8, 2023 · Norepinephrine is a sympathomimetic amine derived from tyrosine. Symptoms can range from mild to fatal and classically include altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular excitation May 1, 2023 · Isoproterenol is a beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated primarily for bradydysrhythmias. Ephedrine acts as both a direct and indirect sympathomimetic. May 29, 2023 · Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid, which, similar to morphine, produces analgesia but to a greater extent. The condition is named after Willi Kleine Jul 18, 2022 · Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms classically described as a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells leading to dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Promethazine also has off-label uses for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Most crutches classify into the following three categories: axilla Feb 12, 2023 · Delirium is a neurocognitive syndrome caused by reversible neuronal disruption due to an underlying systemic perturbation. In most patients, it results from asymmetric septal hypertrophy causing outflow Tedral is a medicine formerly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Overall, almost all sympathomimetic agents, when consumed orally, are absorbed into the systemic circulation. [1] They are mainly used to assist individuals with lower extremity injuries and/or neurological impairment. Hemorrhagic stroke may be further subdivided into intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Help us make the content even better! NOTE: We are a medical publishing company, we cannot legally answer any medical questions. This activity will highlight the mechanism of Jul 17, 2023 · The toxicity of sympathomimetic agents occurs within minutes after intravenous administration. Progression of hemorrhagic stroke is associated with worse outcomes. The FDA-approved primary indication for ephedrine is the treatment of clinically significant hypotension perioperatively. Both oral and intravenous preparations are available. It is structurally identical to epinephrine but differs because it lacks a methyl group on its nitrogen atom. It also has several non-FDA-approved indications. Classically, OA presents with joint pain and loss of function; however, the disease is clinically very variable and can present merely as an asymptomatic incidental finding to a devastating and permanently disabling disorder. It has intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous injection, syrup, and tablet forms. Non-FDA Indications include migraine headaches. These receptors include: alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, beta-3. The drug is approved by the U. Kontraindikasi Feb 13, 2023 · Sertraline is a medication used to manage and treat the major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and social anxiety disorder. ” Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and also the leading cause of CHF. Phenylephrine is a direct-acting sympathomimetic amine that functions as an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. Causes may be as simple as the body's defense against an ingested toxin, to a complex association set of signals activated by motion, medications, anesthesia, position, stress, pregnancy, psychiatric disorder, and/or fear. It is also used to control nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. Feb 20, 2023 · Succinylcholine chloride is a short-acting depolarizing neuromuscular blockade approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a provision to other sedatives or hypnotics. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating moderate-to-severe pain that has not responded to nonopioid medications or as an alternative if the pain is unresponsive to other opioid drugs Dec 5, 2023 · Ephedrine is a medication used to manage additionally treat clinically significant hypotension. It blocks the action of acetylcholine (ACh); hence, it disrupts all cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Some patients with MDS may have a transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). May 1, 2023 · Corticosteroids are drugs used in the management and treatment of almost all areas of medicine. These symptoms are attributed to coronary arteries spasm. [5] Within the psychiatric population, the prevalence of personality disorder increases to 30% and rises even higher within the incarcerated May 8, 2023 · Ephedrine has a medication uses to manage additionally treat clinically significant hypotension. Historically, it has been referred to as idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. For pediatric ET, double the usual IV dose and dilute in 3 to 5 mL. It classifies as a subset of drug-induced rhinitis. The FDA-approved preferred indication fork ephedrine is the treatment on clinically significant hypotonia perioperatively. Ephedrine is a medication used to manage and treat clinically significant hypotension. The most common cause is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This book chapter provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of acute headache, with a focus on the red flags and indications for neuroimaging. This peritoneal structure suspends the duodenojejunal flexure from the retroperitoneum. While it is common to have sinus tachycardia as a compensatory response to exercise or stress, it becomes concerning when it occurs at rest. [1] The normal resting heart rate for adults is between 60 and 100, which varies based on the level of fitness or the May 22, 2023 · Catecholamine depletion in patients abusing cocaine renders these patients unresponsive to indirectly acting sympathomimetics such as ephedrine. [1] In the absence of mechanical obstruction, gastric stasis can occur due to Jun 14, 2023 · Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L but can vary to some extent depending upon the set values of varied laboratories. The FDA recently approved escitalopram for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in Mar 27, 2023 · Phentermine and extended-release (ER) topiramate have been used separately in various ways. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse side effects profile, and other key factors (e. [1] This medication relaxes the smooth muscle of the airways, making breathing Jun 26, 2023 · Benzodiazepines are currently used to treat anxiety, seizures, withdrawal states, insomnia, agitation, and are commonly used for procedural sedation. While adverse effects are rare, the rising prevalence of local anesthetics in practice has resulted in a greater incidence of local anesthetic toxicity. There are two types: narcolepsy type 1 (formerly narcolepsy with cataplexy) and narcolepsy type 2 (formerly Mar 5, 2023 · Sinus tachycardia is a regular cardiac rhythm in which the heart beats faster than normal and results in an increase in cardiac output. [1] Over 50% of postmenopausal white women will have an osteoporotic-related fracture. Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with antidopaminergic, antihistamine Jun 12, 2023 · Narcolepsy is a disorder of rapid onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), frequent uncontrollable sleep attacks as well as sleep fragmentation and can be associated with cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Traditionally, schizophrenia may involve positive symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorders, and negative symptoms, such as paucity of speech, anhedonia, and lack of motivation. Phentermine was first introduced in 1959 as part of an anti-obesity combination drug. Hal ini menyebabkan efek peningkatan tekanan Aug 8, 2022 · Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when there is a disruption to the flow of blood in the pulmonary artery or its branches by a thrombus that originated somewhere else. [1][2] The term “pericarditis” refers to inflammation of the pericardial sac and represents the most common pathological process Jun 5, 2023 · Gastrointestinal bleeding can fall into two broad categories: upper and lower sources of bleeding. Aug 17, 2023 · The most common cause of peripheral edema in patients over 50 yrs of age is venous insufficiency. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifically for the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. May 8, 2023 · Ephedrine, a stereoisomer to better-known pseudoephedrine, is a sympathomimetic amine with unique effects due to its indirect mechanism than other sympathomimetic agents like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine. It consists of a visceral layer overlying the epicardium, and a richly innervated parietal layer, separated by a potential space which normally contains 15 to 50 mL of serous fluid. [1] Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water in comparison to that of the total body sodium content. Many animals are known May 23, 2023 · Research by Walker-Batson et al. Both the pharmacist and clinician should ensure the administration of the right dose to prevent adverse effects. Very rarely, PE can Jul 17, 2023 · Bookshelf ID: NBK499844 PMID: 29763019. From minor symptoms to major cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) effects, local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is an important consequence of which to be aware Jan 17, 2024 · MDMA, or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is a synthetic amphetamine derivative known as a recreational drug since the 1980s by street names such as "Ecstacy," "E," "Molly," "XTC," "X," "Beans," and "Adams. This activity outlines the indications, actions, and contraindications for sertraline as a valuable agent in the treatment of major Ephedrine is a drugs used into administer and treat clinically significant hypotension. There are two main classes of histamine receptors: H-1 receptors and H-2 receptors. [1][2][3] Nov 12, 2023 · Amiodarone is a frequently prescribed anti-arrhythmic medication. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a thrombus develops within the deep veins, most commonly in the lower extremities. GERD is caused by Jul 31, 2023 · The term hemorrhoids, also known as piles, and hemorrhoidal disease refer to the state of symptoms attributed to the vascular cushions present in the anal canal. However, fentanyl exhibits vastly different properties and pharmacokinetics. Since then, it has evolved with different meanings and situations, including but not limited to "unnecessary drug use" and "medication use without indication. Increasing the SVR leads to Sep 4, 2023 · Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM), also known as ‘rebound congestion’ is inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by the overuse of topical nasal decongestants. Its use can expedite rapid endotracheal intubation Sep 30, 2022 · The term gastroparesis literally means “stomach paralysis. Dyspnea can be either acute or chronic with acute Aug 8, 2023 · Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS), also known as "Sleeping beauty syndrome," is a rare yet devastating parasomnia that includes recurrent episodes of hypersomnia, along with behavioral or cognitive abnormalities, coupled with compulsive eating and hypersexuality. It is in of sympathomimetic classify by dope. Off-label uses include supraventricular tachycardia and thyroid storm. Escitalopram is approved by the U. Promethazine is a phenothiazine derivative with antidopaminergic, antihistamine, and anticholinergic properties. They are quite ubiquitous in society and are present in many common household and occupational products, for example, in motor fuel, paint thinner, cleaning agents, lotion, and industrial solvents. [1] This accumulation may be due to obstruction in the normal flow of the CSF, or to problems with absorption into the venous system by the Pacchionian arachnoid granulations, or due to excessive production of CSF. It is in the sympathomimetic class of drugs. Dandy first describes hydrocephalus as communicating and non-communicating Sep 4, 2023 · Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist and has been approved by the FDA to treat nausea and vomiting in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease or diabetic gastroparesis by increasing gastric motility. Efedrin secara langsung berperan sebagai agonis pada reseptor alfa adrenergik dan beta adrenergik, serta secara tidak langsung menyebabkan pelepasan norepinefrin pada persarafan simpatis. In addition, these medications are also helpful for inducing anesthesia. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating major depressive disorder (unipolar) in adults and adolescents (ages 12 to 17) for both acute and maintenance phases. It may be a consequence of therapeutic medication use, accidental interactions between medications or recreational drugs, or intentional overdose. If maintained within that narrow range, it provides the appropriate anti-inflammatory effect. It is available in many formulations that belong to the class of iron products. Adrenergic drugs will bind directly to one or more of these receptors to induce various physiologic effects. Jul 25, 2023 · Bookshelf ID: NBK430776 PMID: 28613527. " Based on the review of current data, the use of 5 or more medications is an acceptable Jul 31, 2023 · Amphetamine is a medication used in the management and treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy. [1][2][3] Aug 28, 2023 · The term polypharmacy was used over one and a half centuries ago to refer to issues related to multiple-drug consumption and excessive use of drugs. Jan 1, 2024 · Promethazine is a medication used to manage and treat allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, and sedation. It is a form of acute end-organ dysfunction which can be used as a marker of brain dysfunction. It is frequently responsible for unscheduled healthcare usage, missed school, and workdays. Jul 4, 2022 · Fluoxetine is FDA-approved for major depressive disorder (for patients eight years and older), obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, binge eating disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and bipolar depression as well as treatment-resistant depression when used in combination with olanzapine. Hemorrhoids are naturally occurring vascular tissues within the submucosa in the anal canal and comprise loose connective tissue, smooth muscle (Treitz’s muscle), and blood vessels with many arteriovenous connections (why Aug 28, 2023 · Diazepam is a benzodiazepine medication that is FDA approved for the management of anxiety disorders, short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, spasticity associated with upper motor neuron disorders, adjunct therapy for muscle spasms, preoperative anxiety relief, management of certain refractory epilepsy patients, and adjunct in severe recurrent convulsive seizures, and an adjunct in status Feb 19, 2023 · Dyspnea, commonly referred to as shortness of breath, is the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing comprised of various sensations of varying intensity. e. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association establishes diagnostic criteria and Feb 1, 2024 · Pseudoephedrine is used to relieve nasal or sinus congestion caused by the common cold, sinusitis, and hay fever and other respiratory allergies. Clinically, its most common use is Aug 8, 2023 · Salmonella is named after D. [1] These peptides are expressed predominantly by cardiomyocytes of the mixed secretory-contractile phenotype in atrial and ventricular walls. These include ketamine, marijuana, gamma Jul 5, 2023 · Salicylic acid has a narrow therapeutic window. Edelman approved of the fact that serum sodium concentration does not depend on total Aug 23, 2023 · Hydrocephalus is the symptomatic accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the cerebral ventricles. Aug 14, 2023 · Bookshelf ID: NBK539724 PMID: 30969546. For ET administration, dilute 1 mg to 2 mg in 10 mL of sterile water or normal saline before administration. This activity reviews the indications, action, and contraindications for amphetamine as an agent in treating ADHD and narcolepsy. This difference makes it primarily agonistic at alpha1 and beta1 receptors, with little-to-no beta2 or alpha2 activity. It also has several off-label Sep 26, 2022 · Nausea is a commonly encountered symptom in healthcare, one that is difficult for any patient. Introduction Cocaine is a naturally occurring sympathomimetic alkaloid, isolated from the plant Erythroxylon coca , that indigenous Andean tribes originally consumed to relieve fatigue, cold, hunger Aug 8, 2023 · Asthma is a common pathology, affecting around 15% to 20% of people in developed countries and around 2% to 4% in less developed countries. Pseudoephedrine specifically works also as a nasal and sinus decongestant. Chemically classified as amines, plant alkaloids are defined by their function as bases generally containing one or more nitrogen atoms within a heterocyclic Oct 19, 2022 · MAC-awake is defined as the anesthetic concentration needed to suppress a voluntary response to verbal command (i. Additionally, metoclopramide can be administered prophylactically to prevent nausea and vomiting in Apr 7, 2023 · Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon. Knowledge of this topic is essential for members of an interprofessional team to provide Nov 5, 2023 · Congestive heart failure (CHF), as defined by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), is "a complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. in 1995 and Crisostomo et al. Vasospastic angina, variant angina, or Prinzmetal angina is a known clinical entity characterized by chest pain at rest with transient ischemic electrocardiographic changes in the ST segment, with a prompt response to nitrates. S. This activity outlines the Jul 26, 2023 · Acute headache is a common complaint that can have various causes and presentations. This activity illustrates the indications, action, and contraindications for ephedrine as a valuable agent in the treatment of clinically significant hypotension. Excerpt. , dosing Jul 3, 2023 · Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus. Nov 10, 2023 · Escitalopram, the (S)-enantiomer of citalopram, is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Phentermine on its own has been used for short-term treatment of obesity in combination with exercise and caloric restriction. In addition, Topiramate has been used Jun 26, 2023 · Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young individuals. Selain itu, pasien dengan riwayat penggunaan antidepresan perlu diperhatikan agar tidak diberikan obat ini. Off-label, non-FDA-approved uses include treatment for hypertensive urgency/emergency, coronary artery spasm, angina secondary to cocaine use, congestive heart May 8, 2023 · Ephedrine is one take used to administration and treat clinically significant hypotension. E. eu qj kf el lk by ei vi pv hc